A&S Trinity Home
Duke Home

Duke University | Howard Hughes Undergraduate Program

Just keep swimming...

Posted by Violette Zhu on 2009-06-19

Hey all! I’m Violette. I’m a graduating sophomore from Chapel Hill High (go Tigers!), and a rising junior at NCSSM (go Unicorns!). Two of my main passions are biology and visual art, and I've participated in extracurriculars that correspond- I LOVE my CHHS Science Olympiad team (YOU GUYS ROCK!) and my wonderful Art Club. I also enjoy playing lacrosse and swimming, as well as reading, sleeping, and eating. This is my fourth day working at the Di Giulio Lab, an environmental toxicology lab that, put [too] simply, studies the effects of pollutants on certain species of fish- namely, killifish and zebrafish. It’s a pretty chill, t-shirt and jeans kind of lab (as I’ve proven by wearing t-shirts and jeans every day). It’s been shrinking lately, with students graduating and whatnot, so at the moment it’s a pretty small lab. The PI is, of course, Dr. Richard Di Giulio. I’ve also met Cole, Lindsey, Daewoon, Bryan, and Max so far. Everyone’s been really friendly and charismatic, so I’m really excited to get to know them better over the next 6 weeks. 

The Wall (Zebrafish)

The Wonder-wall. Zebrafish!

Unlike most of my fellow bloggers, I don’t have a set project or mentor yet. This week I’ve been tagging along and shadowing anyone who’s doing something interesting, be that RNA isolation, RtPCR, or scoring deformities. Through this, I have learned some basic lab protocols, gotten some practical tips, and gotten a better sense of what lab life is all about. Of course, I’ve also spent a fair amount of time just reading articles pertaining to the lab’s work so that I’ll be able to understand why I’m doing what I’m doing.

Dosing the killifish larvae with silver nitrates and silver PVP.

I’ve especially enjoyed actually working with the fish. While it sounds horribly morbid, I found the process of scoring killifish embryo deformities fascinating. Under the naked eye, all the fish eggs look like, well, caviar, but using a fancy microscope we were able to look at them up close on the computer screen. Then we would rate them based on how healthy their hearts were and how well their pigment cells were developing (poorly developed pigment cells indicate that the embryo has edema, another side effect of environmental contamination). Healthy hearts consisted of two well-aligned and well-defined chambers and got a 0 rating. Bad hearts were long and stringy, lopsided, and/or very weak, and warranted either a 1 or 2, depending on the severity of the deformity. Some of the fish that were unlucky enough to be dosed with the nastier chemicals developed some ridiculously screwed up hearts. Is it wrong for me to wish awful things on those poor fish?

 Happy Killifish larvae 

Killifish Larvae; so innocent and naive...

 All in all, it’s been a great first week. All of the other Howard Hugh-ers are amazingly talented, intelligent, wonderful people, and I feel super lucky to have been granted the opportunity to meet all of them. Peace out!

 

5 comments so far

Posted by Connie Wang on 2009-06-19
2nd picture: Violette, murdering baby fish. Tehe. Juuuust kidding. :)
Posted by Anthony Wu on 2009-07-05
Sounds AWESOME. If you're still doing the experiment, try getting a decent number of killifish and expose half of them to cadmium at different temperatures. (you may already be doing this...but since you are observing the heart, I don't think you are) Using CdCl2 works best since it is ionic and dissolves in water- 0.4mg/liter is recommended, according to an article I read. At around 30 degrees Celsius, it causes spinal deformities. I've always wanted to do this. Sad face.e
Posted by Violette Zhu on 2009-07-10
Anthony Wu, you read my blog!! Hah, I feel so special :) I actually am doing a cadmium experiment right now (but instead of using different temperatures I'm looking at how two different populations react to cadmium at different salinities). According to the results of the data I gathered yesterday, even 30 mg/L only kills a few fish; 10 mg/L, our middle dose, had no effect whatsoever. I read a few papers concerning Cadmium toxicity in fish embryos, but they all gave contradictory information on lethal doses, so I'm coming up with my own dosing range through experimentation. Apply next year!! Most of the HH kids are rising seniors anyway :D
Posted by Anthony Wu on 2009-07-12
Wow. Resilient fish ya have. Or, journalists are idiots (you're so nice, calling them contradictory). The latter is definitely more plausible,though they might be talking about different time frames. I don't know what is more sad, that you are killing helpless fish or that both of us are so interested in this killing...*morbid laugh* What kills the fish? A deformation, or do they just die? And...I'll apply to both HH and SV if my next summer is free.
Posted by Violette Zhu on 2009-07-16
Actually, we've found that they die like crazy when you put them in distilled water- either the lack of salts is a co-stressor, or even the tiniest drop of salt plays a huge protective role. Haha, yes, we are horrible people. The fish can get really bad deformities (heart and structural deformities in particular), but in the case of cadmium babies (the equivalent of crack babies), they just don't develop. Ahh I was so mad I couldn't go to both this year!! Summer Ventures sounds like loads of fun too. I've heard rumors that once you go to NCSSM you can't go to SVSM, because the state has already invested so much money into you...I don't know if it's true though.